01 · Ground and water
Set levels before choosing surfaces.
Coordinate road, threshold, parking, garden, retaining, drain and neighbour levels. Keep runoff away from the building, preserve approved drainage routes and give rainwater systems safe overflow. Protect access to chambers, tanks, utilities and termite-inspection zones.
- Finished-level and slope plan
- Permeable and drained areas
- Roof and surface-water routes
- Retaining and edge conditions
- Utility, chamber and maintenance access
02 · Elements
Name what each outdoor zone must do.
Plan pedestrian arrival, vehicle approach, gate, steps or ramp, parking, veranda, seating, play, garden, trees, drying, waste, service yard, AC equipment, lighting and security. Keep a clear route for everyday use and emergency access.
03 · Materials
Compare performance before appearance.
For stone, concrete, pavers, gravel, timber or composites, tile, metal, soil and mulch, compare slip, heat, drainage, settlement, edge safety, stain, cleaning, repair, replacement and local availability. Use samples in wet and dry light. Do not describe a porous-looking product as permeable without the complete base and drainage design.
- Slip and surface temperature
- Water absorption and staining
- Base, joint and edge detail
- Vehicle or pedestrian loading
- Repair and matching availability
- Cleaning and chemical compatibility
04 · Planting and light
Design for mature size and maintenance.
Select planting from site sun, soil, water, root space, mature canopy, building distance, leaf or fruit drop, pets and maintenance capacity. Coordinate irrigation without soaking foundations or walls. Use outdoor lighting for routes, steps, gates and task areas while controlling glare into rooms and neighbouring property.
Source record
Official sources reviewed
Links are provided for verification. Requirements and portals can change after the review date.